Exploring the Impact of Automation on the Future of Work in the Agriculture Sector in Indonesia

Rifki Maulana Iqbal Taufik; Tri Kurnia Revul Andina

doi:10.21831/jss.v21i1.80907

Exploring the Impact of Automation on the Future of Work in the Agriculture Sector in Indonesia

Rifki Maulana Iqbal Taufik, Department of Social Policy, Faculty of Arts, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Tri Kurnia Revul Andina, Department of Communication Science, Faculty of Social Science, Law, and Political Science, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia

10.21831/jss.v21i1.80907

Abstract

This research aims to examine the impact of automation on future work in Indonesia's agriculture sector. Internet and digital platforms have altered many aspects of life and resulted in automation in several fields, including agriculture. The emergence of new technologies is often perceived as a threat and a challenge for this sector and its workers. Using a desk study method, however, the result shows that the automation of agriculture is beneficial to Indonesia’s economy. This is not only in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) but also in terms of enhancing the quality of smallholder employment and the interest of youth in working in this sector. Farmers' use of the internet and smartphones have become catalysts in adopting automation in the present and emerging. Digital technology has become an important intermediate factor that helps farmers improve their productivity. This has become the mainstream of the adoption of the technology in agriculture rather than mechanization. Job replacement due to automation will possibly not happen in Indonesia due to labour market conditions, disparity of land ownership, and the high cost of implementing automation. Furthermore, this research addresses aspects that deserve attention, including job quality, social protection, industrial relations, inequality, gender, and participation.

Keywords

Agriculture, Automation, Digital Platforms, Future of Work, Internet

Full Text:

PDF

References

Balliester, T., & Elsheikhi, A. (2018). The future of work: a literature review. ILO research department working paper, 29, 1-54.

Das, K., Wibowo, P., Chui, M., Agarwal, V., & Lath, V. (2019). Automation and the future of work in Indonesia Jobs lost, jobs gained, jobs changed. McKinsey & Company.

Edan, Y., Han, S., & Kondo, N. (2009). Automation in agriculture. Springer handbook of automation, 1095-1128.

Ing, L. Y., & Zhang, R. (2022). Automation in Indonesia: Productivity, quality, and employment. In Robots and AI (pp. 275-309). Routledge.

Lath, V., Lee, T., Tan, K. T., & Wibowo, P. (2020). With effort, Indonesia can emerge from the COVID-19 crisis stronger. McKinsey & Company. https://www. mckinsey. com/featured-insights/asia-pacific/with-effort-indonesia-can-emerge-from-the-covid-19-crisis.

Setiartiti, L. (2021). Critical Point of View: The Challenges of Agricultural Sector on Governance and Food Security in Indonesia. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 232, p. 01034). EDP Sciences.

The World Bank Supports Indonesia’s Agriculture Sector to Become More Resilient and Inclusive. (2022, September 9). World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/09/09/the- world-bank-supports-indonesia-agriculture-sector-to-become-more-resilient-and-inclusive.

Mariyono, J. (2019). Microcredit and technology adoption: Sustained pathways to improve farmers’ prosperity in Indonesia. Agricultural Finance Review, 79(1), 85-106. ISSN: 0002-1466.

Ministry of Invesment of Indonesia (2022). Investment to Drive Digital Agriculture Practices in Indonesia. BKPM. https://www9.bkpm.go.id/en/publication/detail/news/investment-to- drive-digital-agriculture-practices-in-Indonesia.

Nisa, V. F., & Samputra, P. L. (2021). Pengaruh Tanihub terhadap Minat Generasi Y Bertani dalam Penguatan Ketahanan Pangan. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 5(4), 1136-1145. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2021.005.04.16.

Prayoga, K. (2018). Dampak Penetrasi Teknologi Informasi Dalam Transformasi Sistem Penyuluhan Pertanian di Indonesia. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian (J-SEP), 11(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v11i1.5663.

Willcocks, L. P. (2024). Automation, digitalization and the future of work: A critical review. Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics, (ahead-of-print).

Petersen, B. K., Chowhan, J., Cooke, G. B., Gosine, R., & Warrian, P. J. (2023). Automation and the future of work: An intersectional study of the role of human capital, income, gender and visible minority status. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 44(3), 703-727. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X221088301.

Boyd, E. M., & Fales, A. W. (1983). Reflective Learning: Key to Learning from Experience. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 23(2), 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167883232011.

Croucher, R., Ramakrishnan, S., Rizov, M., & Benzinger, D. (2018). Perceptions of employability among London’s low-paid: ‘Self-determination’ or ethnicity? Economic and Industrial Democracy, 39(1), 109-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X15609672.

Asriani, D. D., & Ramdlaningrum, H. (2019). Examining Women’s Roles in the Future of Work in Indonesia. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

Liu, L. (2023). Job quality and automation: Do more automatable occupations have less job satisfaction and health? Journal of Industrial Relations, 65(1), 72-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221856221129639.

Genske, D.D. (2003). Desk Study. In: Urban Land. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05326-3_7.

Klenert, D., Fernández-Macías, E., & Antón, J.-I. (2023). Do robots really destroy jobs? Evidence from Europe. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 44(1), 280-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X211068891.

McGuinness, S., Redmond, P., & Delaney, J. (2019). The prevalence and effect on hours worked of the minimum wage in Ireland: a sectoral and regional analysis (No. 93). Research Series.

Gerovitch, S. (2003). Automation. In Encyclopedia of Computer Science (pp. 122-126).

Silitonga, F., & Isbah, M. F. (2023). Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work in the Indonesian Public Sector. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 12(2), 296-308. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v12i2.62297.

Hibrida, A. R. (2023). The Future of Work: Navigating the Challenges and Opportunities of Automation, Gig Economy, and Skills Evolution in a Post-Pandemic World. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(08), 657-666. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v1i08.186.

The Jakarta Post (2022). A land without farmers: Indonesia’s agricultural conundrum. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/longform/2020/08/13/a-land-without-farmers- indonesias-agricultural-conundrum.html.

Santana, M., & Cobo, M. J. (2020). What is the future of work? A science mapping analysis. European Management Journal, 38(6), 846–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.04.010.

Stoepfgeshoff, S. (2018). The Future of Work: Work for the future. ISM Journal of International Business, 2(2).

Mitchell, R., Shen, Y., & Snell, L. (2022). The future of work: A systematic literature review. Accounting and Finance, 62(2), 2667–2686. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12878.

Gartner. (2022). Future of Work. Gartner Human Resource Glossary. https:// www.gartner.com/en/human-resources/glossary/future-of-work.

Bassot, B. (2022). Doing qualitative desk-based research: A practical guide to writing an excellent dissertation. Policy Press.

Frey, C. (2019). The technology trap. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Steinhoff, J. (2024). Automation and the future of work. In The Handbook for the Future of Work (pp. 69-78). Routledge.

Blit, J., St Amand, S., & Wajda, J. (2018). Automation and the future of work: Scenarios and policy options. In Automation and the future of work: scenarios and policy options: Blit, Joel| uSt. Amand, Samantha| uWajda, Joanna. Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation.

Smith, J.E. (2020). Smart Machines and Service Work: Automation in an Age of Stagnation. Reaktion Books.

Kolhatkar, S. (2017). Welcoming our new robot overlords. The New Yorker, 16. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/23/welcoming-our-new-robot-overlords.

Badan Pusat Statistik (2015, January 28). Sensus pertanian 2013, angka nasional hasil survei rumah tangga usaha tanaman padi, 2014. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2015/01/28/4e54c21293672e68e2965c39/se nsus-pertanian- 2013--angka-nasional-hasil-survei-rumah-tangga-usaha-tanaman- padi--2014.

Soegoto, D. S., & Faridh, M. (2020, July). Developments of Information Technology and Digital Startup Sector of Agriculture in Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 879, No. 1, p. 012137). IOP Publishing.

The Jakarta Post (2021, April 23). Unlocking Indonesian agriculture’s digital future. The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2021/04/23/unlocking-indonesian-agricultures- digital-future.html.

Badan Pusat Statistik (2021, October 8). Indikator pertanian. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2021/10/08/d87b75366a02dbdbc6df37a0/indikator- pertanian-2020.html.

Kadir, K., & Prasetyo, O. R. (2021, November). Determinan demografi penggunaan internet petani padi di Indonesia dan kaitannya dengan produktivitas. In Seminar Nasional Official Statistics (Vol. 2021, No. 1, pp. 166-175).

Goh, L. (2022, January 21). The digital transformation of agriculture in Indonesia. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2022/01/21/the-digital-transformation-of- agriculture-in-indonesia/

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jss.v21i1.80907